The film was initially withheld from the public (given the disturbing graphic violent content), but it was utilized as evidence by the U.S. Zapruder would thus both inadvertently and fortuitously record the entire ≈8 second sequence of tragic events on film.
Zapruder kept filming while another shot rang out, this one fatally wounding the President in the head. Shortly after he began filming, he was startled to hear a gunshot, and seeing the President raise his arms, he first thought that the President was morbidly play-acting being shot. Prior to the arrival of the motorcade, a local civilian named Abraham Zapruder had positioned himself on a 4 foot concrete abutment in the green space known as Dealey Plaza with his state-of-the-art Bell & Howell 8-mm “Zoomatic” color home-movie camera to film the President from a perfect elevated vantage point. The Dallas motorcade had proceeded without incident up until the end of the route when the President was suddenly shot twice by a sniper. President Kennedy had appeared in countless such motorcades routinely during his presidency. Kennedy was assassinated while riding in an open limousine within a motorcade through the city of Dallas, Texas on Friday, 22 November 1963. It is therefore found that the observed motions of President Kennedy in the film are physically consistent with a high-speed projectile impact from the rear of the motorcade, these resulting from an instantaneous forward impulse force, followed by delayed rearward recoil and neuromuscular forces. The computed instantaneous KE transfer within the soft tissue is found to be consistent with the formation of a temporary cavity associated with the observed explosion of the head, and subsequent quantitative examination of this phenomenon reveals two delayed forces at play in the backward motion of the President following impact. Using known parameters from the crime scene, explicit force calculations are carried out for determining the projectile's retardation during tissue passage along with the resulting transfer of momentum and kinetic energy (KE). In this paper, simple one-dimensional dynamical models are uniquely applied to study in detail the fatal shot and the motion of the President's head observed in the film. The accompanying backward motion of the President's head after impact appeared to support later “conspiracy theories” because it was claimed that this was proof of a shot from the front (in addition to one from behind).
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Abraham Zapruder, filmed the motorcade with a 8-mm home movie camera as it drove through Dealey Plaza, inadvertently recording an ≈8 second sequence of events that included a fatal gunshot wound to the President in the head.
Kennedy was assassinated while riding in an open motorcade by a sniper in Dallas, Texas on 22 November 1963.
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